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Avis, Walter Spencer

  • CA QUA00593
  • Personne
  • 1919-1979

Walter S. Avis (1919-1979) was born in Toronto. He received his B.A. and M.A. in English from Queen's University in 1949, 1950, and his Ph.D. from University of Michigan in 1955. He was active in English language studies throughout his life. He became a Professor of English at Royal Military College, Kingston, in 1952 and was made Dean of the Canadian Forces Military College in 1974. He was internationally known as an historical linguist, and best known for his work on Canadianisms in English, dialectalogy and lexicography. He was both contributor to and editor for the Dictionary of Canadianisms on Historical Principles. the Concise Dictionary of Canadianisms and other dictionaries for Gage, Funk and Wagnalls and other publishers. From 1963 to 1971, Dr. Avis was a witness for the defense in a trademark case involving the use of the word "thermos." Dr. Avis was Dean of the Canadian Forces Military College and was awarded the Centennial Medal in 1967 and Queen's Silver Jubilee Medal in 1978.

Barclay, Thomas

  • CA QUA00599
  • Personne
  • 1753-1830

Thomas Barclay (1753-1830) was born in New York City, the son of Rev. Henry Barclay, rector of Trinity (Anglican) Church, and his wife, Mary Rutgers. He was educated at Kings College (now Columbia University), graduating in 1772, and studied law in the office of John Jay. In 1775, he was called to the bar and in the same year married Susanna DeLancey, the daughter of Peter DeLancey and his wife Elizabeth, the daughter of Cadwallader Colden. Thomas Barclay's sister, Cordelia, married Lieutenant Colonel Stephen DeLancey, and his sister, Anna Dorothea, was the wife of Colonel Beverley Robinson of the Loyal American Regiment. Marriages between these and other prominent New York families formed bonds of loyalty to Great Britain which were an important factor in the American Revolution. In 1776, Thomas Barclay joined the British forces, and in 1777 he was commissioned a captain in the Loyal American Regiment. Later, he was promoted to the rank of major and served throughout the war in New York, New Jersey, and in the Southern Campaign in the Carolinas. Because he was a Loyalist, all his property in New York was confiscated and sold, and the money from the sale deposited in the state treasury. In fact, it is thought that his property was the first confiscated by the state. In 1779, he was named in the Act of Attainder passed by the New York legislature, and at the end of the war, with thousands of other Loyalists and their families, he was forced to join the refugee migration to Nova Scotia. He received land in Wilmot Township, Nova Scotia, but later moved to Annapolis Royal where he re-established his law practice and immediately became active in the political life of the colony. In 1785, he was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly and in 1793 became Speaker of the Assembly. In the same year, he was named lieutenant-colonel of the Royal Nova Scotia Regiment and adjutant-general of the militia. The Treaty of Paris in 1783 established the St. Croix River as the boundary between New Brunswick and the United States, and by the fifth article in Jay's Treaty of 1794, a commission was established to clarify which of two rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay was the St. Croix. Governor Wentworth of Nova Scotia recommended Thomas Barclay as the British Commissioner, and the negotiations ended successfully for the British in 1798 with the most western river, the St. Croix, being established as the boundary. After a brief return to Nova Scotia, Thomas Barclay was named consul-general in New York in 1799. He remained there until the beginning of the War of 1812 when he was recalled to Britain, only to be sent back to New York in 1813 as the agent for British prisoners of War in the United States. At the end of the War the issue of the international boundary between New Brunswick and the United States surfaced again, and it was Thomas Barclay who was appointed once more as the British Commissioner under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent. Ward Chipman served again as the British agent. The Commission dealt with two issues: the ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay, which they agreed upon in 1817, and the extension of the border from the source of the St. Croix River to the St. Lawrence River. When agreement could not be reached, the latter issue was submitted to the King of the Netherlands for arbitration. In 1831, he issued his decision, which was not accepted by either parties, and the final settlement did not come until 1842 with the Webster-Asburton Treaty. Thomas Barclay's participation in the second boundary commission was his last act of public service. Subsequently, he retired to his home in New York where he lived until his death on 21 April 1830. Of his twelve children, at least four sons attended King's College, Windsor, Nova Scotia, including Anthony Barclay (1792-1877), who participated in the second boundary commission, and like his father, became British Consul in New York.

St. Croix Commission

  • CA QUA00601
  • Collectivité
  • 1814

The Treaty of Paris in 1783 established the St. Croix River as the boundary between New Brunswick and the United States, and by the fifth article in Jay's Treaty of 1794, a commission was established to clarify which of two rivers emptying into Passamaquoddy Bay was the St. Croix. Governor Wentworth of Nova Scotia recommended Thomas Barclay as the British Commissioner, and the negotiations ended successfully for the British in 1798 with the most western river, the St. Croix, being established as the boundary. At the end of the War of 1812, the issue of the international boundary between New Brunswick and the United States surfaced again, and it was Thomas Barclay who was appointed once more as the British Commissioner under the terms of the Treaty of Ghent. Ward Chipman served again as the British agent. The Commission dealt with two issues: the ownership of the islands in Passamaquoddy Bay, which they agreed upon in 1817, and the extension of the border from the source of the St. Croix River to the St. Lawrence River. When agreement could not be reached, the latter issue was submitted to the King of the Netherlands for arbitration. In 1831, he issued his decision, which was not accepted by either parties, and the final settlement did not come until 1842 with the Webster-Asburton Treaty. Thomas Barclay's participation in the second boundary commission was his last act of public service. Anthony Barclay (1792-1877), son of Thomas Barclay, also participated in the second boundary commission.

Beatty, Walter

  • CA QUA00604
  • Personne
  • fl. 1838-1892

Walter Beatty, born in 1838, maintained a farm near Brockville. He died in 1892.

Biological Board of Canada

  • CA QUA00617
  • Collectivité
  • 1898-1937

The Biological Board of Canada was established in 1898 to support research in marine biology. In 1937, it was renamed the Fisheries Research Board of Canada .

Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine

  • CA QUA02670
  • Collectivité
  • 1949-

It is unknown when the Kingston branch of the Canadian League for the Liberation of Ukraine was officially formed, though it is known that the national organization was founded in 1949. The group was formed of mainly third-wave Ukrainian immigrants and thought to be quite political. Throughout the era of the Cold War the League was one of the national groups at the forefront of defending the human and national rights of Ukraine. They supported Ukraine’s struggle for independence and other captive nations opposing Soviet Russian domination.

Axworthy, Thomas Sidney

  • CA QUA02676
  • Personne
  • 1947-

Thomas Sidney Axworthy, OC, was born 23 May 1947, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He has been a Canadian civil servant, political strategist, writer, and professor. He is best known for having served as Principal Secretary and Chief Speechwriter to Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau. Axworthy is currently the President and CEO of the Walter and Duncan Gordan Foundation, is a former Chair of the Centre for the Study of Democracy (CSD), and Adjunct Lecturer at the School of Policy Studies at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He is the younger brother of Lloyd Axworthy. Axworthy received his BA degree (Hons) from the University of Winnipeg, an MA degree (1972), as well as a PhD degree (1979) from Queen’s University. Joining the Liberal Party in the early 1960s, Axworthy worked as a research assistant for the Task Force on the Structure of the Canadian Economy, led by Walter Gordon. This was the first opportunity for Axworthy to work with Canada’s economic, social, and industrial policies in depth, and influenced future thinking about such issues. In 1974, Axworthy began his first political job, joining the Office of the Minister of National Revenue as a Special Assistant on various policy issues. A year later, he was hired with the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO) under Principal Secretary Jim Coutts as a political strategist and policy advisor to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau. In 1979, with the defeat of the Liberals by Joe Clark, Axworthy worked in the Leader of the Opposition’s Office as Acting Director and Senior Policy Advisor. With the defeat of Clark’s minority government, Axworthy returned to the Prime Minister’s Office as Senior Policy Advisor, and was appointed Principal Secretary in 1981, a position which he held until 1984. During this time, he was a key strategist in the Repatriation of the Constitution and the National Energy Program. In 1984, Axworthy was invited to be a Fellow at the Institute of Politics at the Kennedy School of Government, before being appointed as the visiting Mackenzie King Chair of Canadian Studies at Harvard University in 1985. Axworthy rejoined the Kennedy School of Government the following year, working on the Canadian Program at the Centre for International Affairs. He was appointed as an adjunct lecturer at the Kennedy School in 1991, and continued to teach at Harvard until returning to Canada in 2003 as an adjunct lecturer at the School of Policy Studies at Queen’s University. Until 2009, Axworthy was the Chair and Executive Director of the Centre for the Study of Democracy. Upon assuming his current position as the President and CEO of the Walter and Duncan Gordon Foundation, Axworthy stayed on as Chairman of the Board of the Centre. While at Harvard, Axworthy co-drafted the Universal Declaration of Human Responsibilities with world-renowned theologian Hans Küng, a major project of the InterAction Council of Former Heads of State and Government. During his time at Harvard, Axworthy also served as Vice-President and then Executive Director for the Charles R. Bronfman Foundation. The Foundation, during this time, created the well-known “Heritage Minute” series of commercials, which explored various aspects of Canadian History, which were released on television and movie theatres. In 1999, Axworthy helped create and raise funds for the Historica Foundation, becoming its Executive Director. The Foundation aimed to improve the teaching and learning of Canadian history. In recognition of his outstanding achievement and service in the field of history and heritage, Axworthy was made an Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2005, Axworthy resigned as Executive Director of the Historica Foundation. In the wake of the defeat of Paul Martin's minority Liberal Government in January, 2006, Axworthy was appointed co-chair of the Liberal Party Renewal Commission, which was charged with re-thinking every aspect of the Liberal Party's policies and structure. The Commission created 32 taskforces that were charged with examining each aspect of the party. The Commission reported just prior to the Liberal Leadership Convention of December 2–3, 2006, urging a return to its liberal philosophical roots, to refocus on developing and electrifying its membership, and to rethink many of the fundamental policies that have informed Liberal policy. Specific recommendations that emerged from the Commission included a Thinker's Conference, in order to developing a new platform for the party, a Council of Riding Presidents, which would represent the membership of the party in years between conventions, as well as a Day of Deliberation, in which Liberal Party Members across the country would be asked to debate and vote on policies in each of their ridings. In 2009, Axworthy was asked to Chair the Advisory Task Force on Democracy Promotion for the Minister of Democratic Reform, he Hon. Steven Fletcher. The unanimous report of the Task Force is currently being considered by the Government. Axworthy appears regularly on television and radio as a political analyst. He also frequently contributes to various Academic Journals, magazines and newspapers, especially the Toronto Star. He has also edited a number of books, most notably Towards a Just Society: The Trudeau Years, which he co-edited with Pierre Trudeau in 1990.

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