- CA QUA11741
- Person
- fl. 1941
H.G. Hahn was a student in the School of Mining at Queen's University.
H.G. Hahn was a student in the School of Mining at Queen's University.
Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig, was a Scottish senior officer of the British Army. During the First World War, he commanded the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) on the Western Front from late 1915 until the end of the war. He was commander during the Battle of the Somme, the Battle of Arras, the Third Battle of Ypres, the German Spring Offensive, and the Hundred Days Offensive.
Although he had gained a favourable reputation during the immediate post-war years, with his funeral becoming a day of national mourning, Haig has, since the 1960s, become an object of criticism for his leadership during the First World War. He was nicknamed "Butcher Haig" for the two million British casualties endured under his command. The Canadian War Museum comments, "His epic but costly offensives at the Somme (1916) and Passchendaele (1917) have become nearly synonymous with the carnage and futility of First World War battles."
Conversely, he led the BEF during the final Hundred Days Offensive when it crossed the Canal du Nord and broke through the Hindenburg line, capturing 195,000 German prisoners. This campaign, in combination with the Kiel mutiny, the Wilhelmshaven mutiny, the proclamation of a republic on 9 November 1918, and civil unrest across Germany, led to the armistice of 11 November 1918. It is considered by some historians to be one of the greatest victories ever achieved by a British-led army.
Major-General Sir John Davidson, one of Haig's biographers, praised Haig's leadership, and since the 1980s many historians have argued that the public hatred in which Haig's name had come to be held failed to recognise the adoption of new tactics and technologies by forces under his command, the important role played by British forces in the allied victory of 1918, and that high casualties were a consequence of the tactical and strategic realities of the time.
Lieutenant-General Sir Frederick Haldimand (1718-1791), a Swiss mercenary and close friend of Henry Bouquet , was born on 11 August 1718 at Yverdun, in the canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland. He was the second of four sons of François-Louis Haldimand, the receiver for the town, and was himself baptized François-Louis-Frédéric. He entered the British Army in 1756 and served with considerable distinction through the period of upheaval in North America that included the Seven Years' War and the American Revolution.
Haldimand arrived at New York in June 1756 with a lieutenant-colonel's commission in the Royal American Regiment. In 1758, he joined Major-General James Abercromby's expedition against Canada, which failed at the cost of great bloodshed at Ticonderoga. In the following year, Haldimand conducted a distinguished defence of Oswego, and joined Major-General Jeffery Amherst's expedition against Montreal in 1760. After serving at Trois-Rivières as commander, and as acting governor, he was transferred to Florida. Recalled to England in 1775, he returned to Canada in 1778 and succeeded Sir Guy Carleton as governor and commander-in-chief. In 1784, he left for England on leave of absence, but retired in 1786 without returning to his post. He died, unmarried, at Yverdun, Switzerland, on 5 June 1791.