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Knights of Labor, the major labour reform organization of the late 19th century, organized December 1869 by Philadelphia garment cutters. Growing slowly in the 1870s, the secret organization emphasized co-operation and education. The Knights believed in organizing all workers, without regard to skill, sex or race. Their major organizational breakthrough was the mixed assembly of various types of workers, which allowed the order to expand into small towns and villages. Entering Ontario, perhaps in 1875, and certainly in 1881 in Hamilton, the order organized some 450 local assemblies across Canada. Strongest in Ontario, Québec and BC, the Knights also enjoyed success in Nova Scotia and Manitoba and established locals in New Brunswick and present-day Alberta.

In Ontario and Québec, leading Knights played key roles in organizing the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, and were prominent in independent labour political campaigns in the 1880s and 1890s and in considerable parliamentary lobbying. The Knights peaked in Ontario and the West in 1886, but were most successful in Ottawa and Québec in the 1890s. Their expulsion for dual unionism from the TLC in 1902 at Berlin [Kitchener] abetted the development of distinctive Québec unions.

Key Knights' strongholds were Toronto, Hamilton, Montréal, Québec, Ottawa, St Catharines, St Thomas, London, Kingston, Winnipeg and Victoria. Canadian Knights such as A.W. Wright, Thomas Phillips Thompson and D.J. O'Donoghue made important contributions in the US as well. The Knights' major contributions to the Canadian working class lay in the notion of the organization of all workers and in their efforts to formulate social alternatives to the growth of monopolistic capitalist society.

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Jurist and historian, Toronto, Ont.

Priest and educator, Quebec City, Quebec.

Duncan Campbell Scott (August 2, 1862 – December 19, 1947) was a Canadian bureaucrat, Canadian poet and prose writer. Scott was a Canadian lifetime civil servant who served as deputy superintendent of the Department of Indian Affairs from 1913 to 1932, and is better known today for advocating the assimilation of Canada’s First Nations peoples in that capacity.
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, the son of Rev. William Scott and Janet MacCallum. He was educated at Stanstead Wesleyan College. Prior to taking up his position as head of the Department of Indian Affairs, in 1905 Scott was one of the Treaty Commissioners sent to negotiate Treaty No. 9 in Northern Ontario. Scott was Head of the Department of Indian Affairs from 1913 to 1932.
Scott was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1899 and served as its president from 1921 to 1922. The Society awarded him the second-ever Lorne Pierce Medal in 1927 for his contributions to Canadian literature. In 1934 he was made a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George. He also received honorary degrees from the University of Toronto (Doctor of Letters in 1922) and Queen's University (Doctor of Laws in 1939).

Ethnologist and explorer.

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